Obesity not a risk factor for acute respiratory illnesses, study finds

Although obesity has been considered a risk factor for more-severe cases of the flu, a new study found that it is not a risk factor for severe acute respiratory illnesses, including the flu, in children or adults.

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Nut consumption may aid colon cancer survival

People with stage III colon cancer who regularly eat nuts are at significantly lower risk of cancer recurrence and mortality than those who don't, according to a new, large study.

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Study Identifies Two Substances Derived From Plants That May Have the Potential To Treat Depression

Researchers look at plant-derived natural products for new antidepressants.

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'Obesity paradox' debunked

A new study debunks the 'obesity paradox,' a counterintuitive finding that showed people who have been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease live longer if they are overweight or obese compared with people who are normal weight at the time of diagnosis. Obese people live shorter lives and have a greater proportion of life with cardiovascular disease, the study reports.

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Genetics or lifestyle: What is it that shapes our microbiome?

Some microbiome researchers had suggested that this variation begins with differences in our genes; but a large-scale study challenges this idea and provides evidence that the connection between microbiome and health may be even more important than we thought.

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Forage-based diets on dairy farms produce nutritionally enhanced milk

Researchers have found that cows fed a 100 percent organic grass and legume-based diet produce milk with elevated levels of omega-3 and CLA, and thus provides a markedly healthier balance of fatty acids. The improved fatty acid profile in grass-fed organic milk and dairy products (hereafter, 'grassmilk') brings the omega-6/omega-3 ratio to a near 1 to 1, compared to 5.7 to 1 in conventional whole milk.

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Nutritional labelling on menus may reduce calorie intake

New evidence shows that adding calorie labels to menus and next to food in restaurants, coffee shops and cafeterias, could reduce the calories that people consume, although the quality of evidence is low.

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Low magnesium levels make vitamin D ineffective

Vitamin D can't be metabolized without sufficient magnesium levels, meaning Vitamin D remains stored and inactive for as many as 50 percent of Americans. In addition, Vitamin D supplements can increase a person's calcium and phosphate levels even while they remain Vitamin D deficient. People may suffer from vascular calcification if their magnesium levels aren't high enough to prevent the complication.

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Vegetarian and Mediterranean diet may be equally effective in preventing heart disease

Low-calorie lacto-ovo-vegetarian and Mediterranean diets appeared equally effective in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors. Both diets reduced body fat and overall weight by the same amount. Those on the vegetarian diet experienced greater reductions in LDL ('bad') cholesterol while those on the Mediterranean diet experienced greater reductions in triglycerides than those on the other diet.

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Diet shown to reduce stroke risk may also reduce risk of depression

People who eat vegetables, fruit and whole grains may have lower rates of depression over time, according to a preliminary study.

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Low-calorie diet enhances intestinal regeneration after injury

Animals fed restricted-calorie diets are better able to regenerate numerous tissues after injury. A new study pinpoints the cell responsible for these improved regenerative abilities in the intestines.

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Neuroimaging reveals lasting brain deficits in iron-deficient piglets

Iron deficiency in the first four weeks of a piglet's life - equivalent to roughly four months in a human infant - impairs the development of key brain structures, scientists report. The abnormalities remain even after weeks of iron supplementation begun later in life, the researchers found.

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Complementary Health Approaches for Hypertension

Find out more about complementary health practices and hypertension (high blood pressure).

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C-sections and gut bacteria increase risk of childhood obesity

New research has found that overweight and obese women are more like to have children who are overweight or obese by three years of age -- and that bacteria in the gut may be partially to blame.

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FDA Investigates Multistate Outbreak of Salmonella Infections Linked to Products Reported to Contain Kratom

The FDA is advising consumers to avoid kratom and kratom-containing products due to a multistate outbreak of salmonellosis.

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Sweet, bitter, fat: Genetics play a role in kids' snacking patterns

The types of snacks a child chooses could be linked to genetics, a new study found. The study investigated whether genetic variants in taste receptors related to sweet, fat and bitter tastes influence the snacks preschoolers choose and found nearly 80 per cent carried at least one of these genotypes that could predispose them to poor snacking habits. These findings could help parents tailor their kids' diets based on their genetics of taste.

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NCCIH's SBIR/STTR Programs: Funding Small Business Research and Development

The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs, also known as America’s Seed Fund, are one of the largest sources of early-stage capital for technology commercialization in the United States.

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Low-fat or low-carb? It's a draw, study finds

New evidence might dismay those who have chosen sides in the low-fat versus low-carb diet debate. Cutting either carbs or fats shaves off excess weight in about the same proportion, according to the study.

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NCCIH's SBIR/STTR Programs: Funding Small Business Research and Development

The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs, also known as America’s Seed Fund, are one of the largest sources of early-stage capital for technology commercialization in the United States.

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How a carb-restricted diet battles fatty liver disease

New details about how a carbohydrate-restricted diet improves metabolism were revealed in a new study which could lead to improved treatments for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).  

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Pilot study in Kenya shows link between chronic pain and glutamate consumption

Preliminary research from a small pilot study carried out in Meru, in eastern Kenya, shows a link between chronic pain and consumption of glutamate, a common flavor enhancer found in Western and non-Western diets worldwide.

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Loss of control eating and bariatric surgery success

Recent research examined the impact of eating behaviors on success rates related to bariatric surgery in adolescents.

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Most parents don't believe their child's BMI report card

Fifty-three percent of parents who receive their child's body mass index (BMI) report card do not believe that it accurately categorizes their child as underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese, according to new research.

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Hearing loss is common after infant heart surgery

Children who have heart surgery as infants are at risk for hearing loss, coupled with associated risks for language, attention and cognitive problems, by age four. In a cohort of 348 preschoolers who survived cardiac surgery, researchers found hearing loss in about 21 percent, a rate 20 times higher than is found in the general population. This underscores the importance of early hearing evaluations in young children who undergo heart surgery.

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Eating yogurt may reduce cardiovascular disease risk

A new study suggests that higher yogurt intake is associated with lower cardiovascular disease risk among hypertensive men and women.

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Short kids may have higher future stroke risk

Being a short kid is associated with increased risk of having a stroke in adulthood, according to new research.

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Traumatic Brain Injury: FDA Actions and Research

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can happen to anyone. And these types of injuries, which include concussions, contribute to a substantial number of emergency room visits (and even deaths) each year. Learn more about TBI, and the FDA's related research and regulatory activities.

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Nanotechnology could redefine oral surgery

A trip to the dentist or orthodontist usually instills a sense of dread in most patients, and that's before the exam even begins. Add to that the fear of oral surgery with a painful recovery, and many people will avoid these visits at all costs. Now, one group reports a pre-clinical study showing that they could potentially reduce pain and recovery time with the aid of specialized nanotechnology.

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Heavy bones, low body weight: New link between bone cells and blood sugar level found

Bone cells do not just form new bone, they also influence the blood sugar level. Scientists have now discovered a new mechanism that controls this link. The metabolism of bone cells determines how much sugar they use; if the bone cells consume more sugar than normal, this can lower the glucose level in the blood. This research may contribute to future therapies for conditions such as osteoporosis and diabetes.

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Slow eating speed may be linked to weight loss

Slowing down the speed at which you eat, along with cutting out after dinner snacks and not eating within two hours of going to sleep may all help to shed the pounds, suggests new research.

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PFASs, chemicals commonly found in environment, may interfere with body weight regulation

A class of chemicals used in many industrial and consumer products was linked with greater weight gain after dieting, particularly among women, according to a new study. The chemicals -- perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) -- have been linked with cancer, hormone disruption, immune dysfunction, high cholesterol, and obesity.

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Palm oil in your Valentine's chocolate? Beware

A diet rich in saturated fat and sugar not only leads to obesity, it creates inflammation in the nucleus accumbens, a part of the brain that controls mood and the feeling of reward. And this inflammation can lead to depressive, anxious and compulsive behavior and disrupt  metabolism,according to a new study.

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Cabozantinib shows promise as first line treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer

A kinase inhibitor called cabozantinib could be a viable therapy option for patients with metastatic, radioactive iodine-resistant thyroid cancer. In a recent trial tumors shrunk in 34 out of 35 patients who took the drug, and more than half of those patients saw the tumor size decrease by more than 30 percent.

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One or more soda a day could decrease chances of getting pregnant

A new study has found that the intake of one or more sugar-sweetened beverages per day -- by either partner -- is associated with a decreased chance of getting pregnant.

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The end of yo-yo dieting? Brain switch that controls fat burning uncovered

Scientists have discovered a molecular switch in the brain that regulates fat burning -- and could provide a way to control weight gain following dieting.

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Study shows benefits of exercise can outweigh health effects of severe obesity

New study that shows physical activity may be equally and perhaps even more important than weight for people living with severe obesity.

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Statement from FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D., on the agency’s scientific evidence on the presence of opioid compounds in kratom, underscoring its potential for abuse

Over the past several months, there have been many questions raised about the botanical substance known as kratom. Our concerns related to this product, and the actions we’ve taken, are rooted in sound science and are in the interest of protecting public health. However, we recognize that there is still much that is unknown about kratom, which is why we’ve taken some significant steps to advance the scientific understanding of this product and how it works in the body.

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Mouse study adds to evidence linking gut bacteria and obesity

A new study of mice with the rodent equivalent of metabolic syndrome has added to evidence that the intestinal microbiome -- a 'garden' of bacterial, viral and fungal genes -- plays a substantial role in the development of obesity and insulin resistance in mammals, including humans.

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'Pillownauts' help future human missions to Mars

Scientists are enlisting the help of 'pillownauts' to push back the boundaries of space travel in a new study to examine a potentially serious adverse effect of weightlessness on the human body. 

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Organic food provides significant environmental benefits to plant-rich diets

A study of the diets of 34,000 people confirms that a diet high in fruit and vegetables is better for the planet than one high in animal products. The study also finds that organic food provides significant, additional climate benefits for plant-based diets, but not for diets with only moderate contribution from plant products. This is the first-ever study to look at the environmental impacts of both food choices and farm production systems.

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Hearing loss linked to poor nutrition in early childhood, study suggests

Young adults who were undernourished as preschool children were approximately twice as likely to suffer from hearing loss as their better- nourished peers, a new study suggests.

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Enzyme plays a key role in calories burned both during obesity and dieting

Ever wonder why obese bodies burn less calories or why dieting often leads to a plateau in weight loss? In both cases the body is trying to defend its weight by regulating energy expenditure. In a new paper, researchers identify the enzyme TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) as a key player in the control of energy expenditure during both obesity and fasting.

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Peptide improves glucose and insulin sensitivity, lowers weight in mice

Treating obese mice with catestatin (CST), a peptide naturally occurring in the body, showed significant improvement in glucose and insulin tolerance and reduced body weight, report researchers.

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Schools alone cannot help to prevent childhood obesity, study finds

School-based healthy lifestyle interventions alone are not effective in the fight against childhood obesity, researchers have warned.

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Tracking oxygen saturation, plus vital signs, to identify vulnerable preemies

While near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) long has been used to monitor oxygenation in conditions in which blood flow is altered, such as bleeding in the brain, how NIRS values relate to other vital sign measures in NICU babies was unknown.

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Simple molecule could prevent, alleviate pre-diabetes

Restoring levels of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ), a key molecule in energy production in cells, could overcome insulin resistance or pre-diabetes -- a precursor to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

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Diet may influence the spread of a deadly type of breast cancer, study finds

A single protein building block commonly found in food may hold a key to preventing the spread of an often-deadly type of breast cancer, according to a new multicenter study. Investigators found that by limiting an amino acid called asparagine in laboratory mice with triple-negative breast cancer, they could dramatically reduce the ability of the cancer to travel to distant sites in the body. Among other techniques, the team used dietary restrictions to limit asparagine.

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Inflammation in testes could explain link between obesity and reduced fertility

A new study suggests that chronic inflammation caused by obesity may harm the male genital tract, leading to lower fertility in obese men.

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Exposure to chemical found in plastics 'hard to avoid' in everyday life

86 per cent of teenagers have traces of Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical compound used to make plastics, in their body, new research has found.

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How exercise training promotes a sound mind in a sound body

A new study shows that the same mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of exercise training on the brain also help to counteract fat and to strengthen the immune system. The results may ultimately give rise to new obesity and diabetes drugs.

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Toddler formulas and milks -- not recommended by health experts -- mislead with health claims

Misleading labeling on formulas and milks marketed as 'toddler drinks' may confuse parents about their healthfulness or necessity, finds a new study.

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Compounds derived from hops show promise for metabolic syndrome patients

A group of compounds derived from hops can likely improve cognitive and other functions in people with metabolic syndrome.

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Scientists identify weight loss ripple effect

Researchers have found that when one member of a couple commits to losing weight, the chances are good their partner will lose some weight too, even if they are not actively participating in a weight loss intervention.

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Crash diets can cause transient deterioration in heart function

Crash diets can cause a transient deterioration in heart function, according to new research. Patients with heart disease should seek medical advice before adopting a very low calorie diet.

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Breast cancer treatments may increase the risk of heart disease

Some breast cancer therapies can damage the heart and healthcare providers should carefully monitor breast cancer treatment effects on the heart. Breast cancer survivors, especially older women, are more likely to die from cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure rather than breast cancer.

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Hunger overrides sense of fullness after weight loss

The levels of hormones that control hunger and fullness(satiety) both rise after weight loss, but individuals may only experience an increase in hunger, according to a new study.

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