Diet matters less than evolutionary relationships in shaping gut microbiome

In the largest published comparative dataset of non-human primate gut microbiomes to date, a new study set out to find whether leaf-eating primates have similar gut microbes that help them break down their leafy diet, which is full of fiber and toxins.

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Experimental drug reverses hair loss and skin damage linked to fatty diet, shows new study in mice

In a series of experiments with mice, investigators have used an experimental compound to successfully reverse hair loss, hair whitening and skin inflammation linked by previous studies to human diets heavy in fat and cholesterol.

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Why bariatric surgery wait times have nearly doubled in 10 years

Eligible patients are increasingly facing longer waits for operations proven to help them safely lose weight that endangers their health, according to a multi-center study. Often driven by insurers, delays in approving weight-loss surgery can deter some patients from the pursuit. And waiting longer doesn't improve safety.

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Fat production and burning are synchronized in livers of mice with obesity

Mice fed a fattening diet develop new liver circadian rhythms that impact the way fat is accumulated and simultaneously burned. The team found that as liver fat production increases, surprisingly, so does the body's ability to burn fat. These opposing physiological processes reach their peak activity each day around 5 p.m., illustrating an unexpected connection between overeating, circadian rhythms, and fat accumulation in the liver.

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Bile acids from the gut could help to treat cocaine abuse

Bile acids that aid fat digestion are also found to reduce the rewarding properties of cocaine use, according to a new study.

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Osteoporosis, fracture risk predicted with new genetic screen

A new genetic screen may predict a person's future risk of osteoporosis and bone fracture, according to a new study.

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Adherence to healthy diets associated with lower cancer risk

A diet that encourages both healthy eating and physical activity and discourages alcohol consumption was associated with a reduced overall cancer risk, as well as lower breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer risks.

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Highlighting Recent NCCIH Pain-Research News: Part 2

In this blog post, Acting NCCIH Director Dr. David Shurtleff discusses highlights from the 2018 symposium, “From Science to Society: At the Intersection of Chronic Pain Management and the Opioid Crisis” & invites people to attend a one-day pain symposium co-sponsored by NCCIH on Tuesday, September 11, 2018 in advance of the World Congress on Pain.

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Highlighting Recent NCCIH Pain-Research News: Part 1

In this blog post, Acting NCCIH Director Dr. David Shurtleff discusses NCCIH and NIH plans that focus on the opioid epidemic and problems with which it is often associated: pain; chronic pain; substance misuse and addiction; and mental health problems. 

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Highlighting Recent NCCIH Pain-Research News: Part 1

In this blog post, Acting NCCIH Director Dr. David Shurtleff discusses NCCIH and NIH plans that focus on the opioid epidemic and problems with which it is often associated: pain; chronic pain; substance misuse and addiction; and mental health problems. 

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Researchers explore popular food trends in nutritional review

What's the bottom line on the potential heart health benefits of popular health foods? Researchers discuss nutritional ''hypes'' and controversies around dairy products, added sugar, legumes, coffee and tea, alcohol, energy drinks, mushrooms, fermented foods, Omega-3s and vitamin B12.

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NIH expands program that conducts large-scale clinical trials in real-world settings

This press release addresses the National Institutes of Health’s Health Care Systems (HCS) Research Collaboratory and announces five new research awards; such research will help strengthen the relevance of research results to health practice.

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NIH Collaboratory Expands Its Portfolio of Pragmatic Clinical Trials

In this blog post, Dr. Catherine Meyers discusses new Pragmatic Clinical Trial (PCT) Demonstration Projects that have been funded within the NIH Health Care Systems Research Collaboratory.

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NIH Collaboratory Expands Its Portfolio of Pragmatic Clinical Trials

In this blog post, Dr. Catherine Meyers discusses new Pragmatic Clinical Trial (PCT) Demonstration Projects that have been funded within the NIH Health Care Systems Research Collaboratory.

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King Bio Issues Voluntary Nationwide Recall of Aquaflora Candida HP9, Lymph Detox, and Baby Teething Liquids Due to Microbial Contamination

King Bio voluntarily recalls lots of Aquaflora Candida HP9, Lymph Detox, and Baby Teething liquids due to microbial contamination.

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Effect of genetic factors on nutrition: The genes are not to blame

Individualized dietary recommendations based on genetic information are currently a popular trend. A team has systematically analyzed scientific articles and reached the following conclusion: There is no clear evidence for the effect of genetic factors on the consumption of total calories, carbohydrates, and fat. According to the current state of knowledge, the expedience of gene-based dietary recommendations has yet to be proven.

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New study shows certain video games can improve health in children with obesity

A new study showed for the first time that video games, in combination with fitness coaching and a step tracker, helped overweight children lose weight, lower their blood pressure and cholesterol and increase their physical activity.

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Caffeine affects food intake at breakfast, but its effect is limited and transient

A new study found that after drinking a small amount of caffeine, participants consumed 10 percent less at a breakfast buffet provided by researchers, but this effect did not persist throughout the day and had no impact on participants' perceptions of their appetites. Based on these findings, the investigators have concluded that caffeine is not effective as an appetite suppressant and weight-loss aid.

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Low- or no-calorie soft drinks linked to improved outcomes in colon cancer

Drinking artificially-sweetened beverages is associated with a significantly lower risk of colon cancer recurrence and cancer death, scientists have found.

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High fruit and vegetable consumption may reduce risk of breast cancer

Women who eat a high amount of fruits and vegetables each day may have a lower risk of breast cancer, especially of aggressive tumors, than those who eat fewer fruits and vegetables, according to a new study.

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Food for thought: How the brain reacts to food may be linked to overeating

The reason why some people find it so hard to resist finishing an entire bag of chips or bowl of candy may lie with how their brain responds to food rewards, according to researchers who found that when certain regions of the brain reacted more strongly to being rewarded with food than being rewarded with money, those people were more likely to overeat.

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Autism risk determined by health of mom's gut

The mother's microbiome, the collection of microscopic organisms that live inside us, determines the risk of autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders in her offspring, new research shows. The work raises the possibility we could prevent autism by altering expectant moms' diets.

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Link found between bitter-taste sensitivity and cancer risk

High bitter-taste sensitivity is associated with a significantly increased risk of cancer in older British women, according to researchers who conducted a unique study of 5,500 women whose diet, lifestyle and health has been tracked for about 20 years.

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Pursuing a Research Career? Apply September 1–November 15, 2018 for NIH Student Loan Repayment!

In this blog post Dr. Lanay Mudd discusses NIH Loan Repayment Programs for researchers.

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Use of Natural Products by Children

Read this issue of NCCIH’s Clinical Digest to learn more about the use of natural products by children.

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Omega 3 supplements have little or no heart or vascular health benefit

Omega 3 supplements have little or no effect on the risk of heart disease, stroke or death -- according to new research. Increased consumption of omega 3 fats is widely promoted globally because of a common belief that that it will protect against heart disease. But a new Cochrane review finds that omega 3 supplements offer little, if any, benefit.

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Research on British teeth unlocks potential for new insights into ancient diets

Goofy, yellow and crooked: British smiles have sometimes had a less-than-flattering international image, but a new study has put tartar from our infamously bad teeth to good use. Researchers analysing the teeth of Britons from the Iron Age to the modern day have unlocked the potential for using proteins in tooth tartar to reveal what our ancestors ate.

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A single genetic change in gut bacteria alters host metabolism

Scientists have found that deleting a single gene in a particular strain of gut bacteria causes changes in metabolism and reduced weight gain in mice.

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While men lose more weight on low-carb diets, women show improved artery flexibility

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an estimated 1 out of 3 American adults live with higher than normal blood sugar levels known as prediabetes. Researchers recently found that while men may lose more weight on low-carb diets, women actually see better improvements in artery flexibility. It's a finding that may help pre-diabetic women reduce their risk for heart disease through a low-carb diet.

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Anti-obesity drug derived from chili peppers shows promise in animal trials

A novel drug based on capsaicin, the compound that gives chili peppers their spicy burn, caused long term weight loss and improved metabolic health in mice eating a high fat diet. The drug, Metabocin, was designed to slowly release capsaicin throughout the day so it can exert its anti-obesity effect without producing inflammation or adverse side effects.

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Researchers identify brain area linked to motivational disruptions in binge eating

Scientists have discovered that a small group of brain cells in the hypothalamus called 'orexin' neurons could be a promising target for medications for controlling binge eating episodes in individuals with obesity. These neurons, named for the chemical messenger they use to communicate with other brain cells, have previously been shown to be important for addiction to several drugs, including cocaine.

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Mindset during meal planning changes food choices and brain responses to food

A simple instruction to change your thinking as mealtime approaches can help cut calories, according to new research. By encouraging study participants to concentrate on different types of information when planning their meal, the experimenters saw portion sizes shift. Adopting a health-focused mindset produced better outcomes than focusing on pleasure or the desire to fill up.

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Weight loss surgery may affect the risk of cancer

A new analysis indicates that weight loss surgery may affect an individual's risk of developing cancer.

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Testosterone research brings new hope for cancer patients

Approximately 20 percent of cancer related deaths are attributed to the syndrome of cachexia. Medical researchers now show that the hormone testosterone is effective at combating cachexia in cancer patients and improving quality of life.

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Blissful Remedies Issues Voluntary Nationwide Recall of Certain Kratom Powder Capsule

Blissful Remedies recalls kratom product Lot No.: 112710 with expiration 03/2019 found embedded on the top of package of kratom ( mitragyn a speciosa) powder products, manufactured, processed, packed, and/or held, between March 1, 2018 to April 30, 2018.

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LDL quality is a novel, modifiable cardiovascular risk marker

The presence of sticky, aggregation-prone LDL in circulation is an independent predictor of cardiovascular death. This novel finding indicates that in addition to LDL-cholesterol levels, the quality of the cholesterol-carrying LDL particles also needs to be considered when estimating the cardiovascular risk of a person, say the researchers.

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Obesity alone does not increase risk of death

Researchers have found that patients who have metabolic healthy obesity, but no other metabolic risk factors, do not have an increased rate of mortality. The results of this study could impact how we think about obesity and health.

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New research could banish guilty feeling for consuming whole dairy products

Enjoying full-fat milk, yogurt, cheese and butter is unlikely to send people to an early grave, according to new research.

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Most black adults have high blood pressure before age 55

Approximately 75 percent of black men and women develop high blood pressure by age 55 compared to 55 percent of white men and 40 percent of white women of the same age. Both black and white study participants who ate a DASH-style diet had a reduced risk of developing high blood pressure.

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How a Mediterranean diet could reduce bone loss in osteoporosis

Eating a Mediterranean-type diet could reduce bone loss in people with osteoporosis -- according to new research. New findings show that sticking to a diet rich in fruit, vegetables, nuts, unrefined cereals, olive oil, and fish can reduce hip bone loss within just 12 months.

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One-Day Chronic Pain Symposium in Boston To Feature Researchers and Patients

I want to alert you to an exciting 1-day research symposium on chronic pain organized by the NCCIH Pain Working Group.

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7 Tips for Cleaning Fruits, Vegetables

Fresh produce can become contaminated in many ways, but following these simple steps can help protect you and your family from foodborne illness.

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Multivitamins do not promote cardiovascular health

Multivitamins and mineral supplements do not prevent heart attacks, strokes or cardiovascular death. Data pooled from multiple studies show no health benefit of multivitamins.

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Can fasting improve MS symptoms?

People with multiple sclerosis (MS) can find an abundance of conflicting advice suggesting that special diets will ease their symptoms. But the evidence is scanty. A new trial evaluates whether drastically cutting calories twice a week can change the body's immune environment and the gut microbiome, and potentially change the course of the disease.

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Teenagers can thank their parents' positive attitude for avoiding obesity

Teenagers are less likely to be overweight if their mum or dad had a positive attitude during pregnancy, a new study finds.

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Gene therapy shown to cure type 2 diabetes and obesity in mice, researchers report

A single administration of a therapeutic vector in mouse models cures type 2 diabetes and obesity in the absence of long-term side effects, researchers report. In healthy mice, the therapy prevents age-associated weight gain and insulin resistance and promotes healthy aging.

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LL’S Magnetic Clay Inc. Expands Allergy Alert On Undeclared Allergens In Prescript-Assist Dietary Supplement To All Lots

LL’s Magnetic Clay, Inc. of Austin, Texas recalls all lots of Prescript-Assist (still within expiration date) because of its potential to contain undeclared allergens, including almonds, crustaceans, milk, casein, eggs, and peanuts.

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National school food policies have potential to improve health now and later

Providing free fruits and vegetables and limiting sugary drinks in schools could have positive health effects in both the short- and long-term, finds a new Food-PRICE study.

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Savory foods may promote healthy eating through effects on the brain

Researchers have found that consuming a broth rich in umami -- or savory taste -- can cause subtle changes in the brain that promote healthy eating behaviors and food choices, especially in women at risk of obesity.

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Obesity and overweight linked to long-term health problems after traumatic brain injury

Especially at longer follow-up times, overweight and obesity are associated with chronic disease risks for survivors of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), according to a new study.

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BPA risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease

A recent study in a preclinical model of inflammatory bowel disease shows dietary exposure to bisphenol-A, or BPA, found in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, can increase mortality and worsen its symptoms.

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Web-based support system may help people lose weight and keep it off

In a randomized long-term lifestyle change trial, an Internet-based health behavior change support system was effective in improving weight loss and reduction in waist circumference for up to two years.

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Healthy diet may lower eye disease risk

An analysis of recent high-quality research reveals that diet may affect individuals' risks related to the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

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Linked between Consumption of fast food and asthma, other allergic diseases

A new review and analysis of published studies reveals a link between fast food consumption and an increased likelihood of having asthma, wheeze, and several other allergic diseases such as pollen fever, eczema, and rhino-conjunctivitis.

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Mothers who follow five healthy habits may reduce risk of obesity in children

Children and adolescents whose mothers follow five healthy habits -- eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, keeping a healthy body weight, drinking alcohol in moderation, and not smoking -- are 75 percent less likely to become obese when compared with children of mothers who did not follow any such habits, according to a new study.

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A diet rich in nuts improves sperm count and motility

The inclusion of nuts in a regular diet significantly improves the quality and function of human sperm, according to results of a randomized trial which measured conventional semen parameters and molecular changes over a 14-week study period. The findings, say the investigators, 'support a beneficial role for chronic nut consumption in sperm quality' and reflect a research need for further male-specific dietary recommendations.

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The impact of the sugar tax in Chile: A bittersweet success?

A new sugar tax introduced on soft drinks in Chile has been effective in reducing consumption of sugary drinks, new research carried out in the country has revealed. However, the international research team say although consumption may have dropped, it may not be enough to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in diet-related health.

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Study Explores the Molecular Basis of Chronic Pain Following Nerve Injury

Researchers identifiy a key molecule, dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK), that controls pathways leading to chronic neuropathic pain following nerve injury.

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